When you buy 11kV switchgear for an international project, you face four distinct product types. Metal clad switchgear sits in main substations. Gas insulated ring main units handle secondary distribution outdoors. Metal enclosed switchgear fits smaller indoor substations. Air insulated ring main units serve eco-conscious markets that restrict SF6. Each type has a clear role. Pick the wrong one and you waste money or fail a compliance check. This guide walks through all four so you know what to ask for.
Metal clad switchgear is the main substation workhorse. KYN28 series from our factory uses withdrawable vacuum circuit breakers rated 630A to 3150A, with 25kA to 40kA short-circuit withstand. Three separate compartments per panel: busbar at the back, breaker trolley in the middle, cable connection at the front. That compartmentalized layout delivers Form 3 or Form 4 segregation as defined in IEC 62271-200. If a fault happens in one compartment, it stays there.
The withdrawable VCB trolley is why you pay more for metal clad. Roll out a breaker for inspection on guide rails without shutting down the busbar. The trolley has three mechanical positions: service, test, and disconnect. No guesswork. This matters in main substations and industrial plants where unplanned downtime costs more than the switchgear.
A gas insulated switchgear RMU is sealed and compact. Everything sits inside a welded stainless steel tank filled with SF6 gas. Load break switches handle the ring connections. A fuse or vacuum circuit breaker protects the transformer feeder. The whole unit installs outdoors on a concrete pad — no building, no HVAC, no fuss.
If you want to know what is ring main unit topology, picture a loop of underground cable with transformers tapped at intervals. The RMU sits at each tap point and can open or close the ring connection. Feed power from both directions — a cable fault on one side does not knock out the whole network. SF6 gas quenches arcs far faster than air, so the unit stays small. Three or four functions fit in a cabinet the size of a large suitcase. Sealed-for-life means no internal maintenance for 30 years.
A GIS switchgear RMU for 11kV/12kV/15kV systems handles ring switching and transformer protection in a single compact module. Ratings typically go 630A busbar with 20kA to 25kA short-circuit. Manual or motor-operated mechanisms available. Cable entry from below — plug-in terminations, no special tools.
Metal enclosed switchgear in the XGN series uses fixed-type breakers instead of the withdrawable trolley. No guide rails, no shutters, no rolling. The breaker bolts directly into the panel. That cuts manufacturing cost by 20 to 30 percent compared to KYN28 metal clad equivalents. For a small substation feeding two or three buildings or a factory floor, you probably do not need withdrawable breakers. The panels still meet IEC 62271-200 for internal arc and short-circuit withstand.
The metal clad vs metal enclosed choice is one of the most common questions we get from international buyers. Metal clad gives you withdrawable VCB access and full compartmentalization. Metal enclosed gives you reliable protection in a simpler, cheaper package. If the budget matters more than hot-swap convenience, XGN is the right answer. Both use vacuum circuit breakers or load break switches depending on the feeder requirement.
An solid insulated switchgear RMU or air insulated switchgear RMU like the HXGN series removes SF6 entirely. Instead of gas, it uses solid insulation barriers and vacuum interrupters in air as the dielectric. Same ring network switching functions, same transformer protection, zero global warming potential from the insulation medium.
Two reasons to pick air insulated over gas insulated. First, SF6 has a global warming potential 23,500 times worse than CO2. European and Australian regulators are tightening SF6 rules year by year. Second, several countries simply restrict SF6 equipment imports. An air insulated RMU bypasses all of that. Performance matches a gas insulated unit for 12kV/24kV secondary distribution — ring switching, fault isolation, transformer feeder protection. Rated 630A, 20kA/3s. The eco-compliance angle opens doors in EU tenders, sustainability-certified projects, and any grid operator tracking scope 3 emissions.
Here is how metal clad, GIS RMU, metal enclosed, and air insulated RMU stack up. Use this table to match the switchgear type to your project need.
| Feature | Metal Clad (KYN28) | Gas RMU | Metal Enclosed (XGN) | Air RMU (HXGN) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Breaker type | Withdrawable VCB | LBS + fuse/VCB | Fixed VCB or LBS | VCB in solid insulation |
| Installation | Indoor only | Outdoor/indoor | Indoor only | Outdoor/indoor |
| Insulation | Air insulated | SF6 gas | Air insulated | Solid + air |
| Network type | Radial main dist. | Ring secondary dist. | Radial secondary dist. | Ring secondary dist. |
| Maintenance | Front+rear access | Front access only | Front+rear preferred | Front access only |
| Best for | Main substations, industrial plants | Urban ring networks, outdoor sites | Small substations, budget projects | EU/Oz markets, eco-certified sites |
The table gives you a quick reference. The real decision comes down to three questions: Do you need outdoor installation? Does withdrawable access matter to your maintenance team? Is SF6 an issue in your market? Answer those three and the type picks itself.
A note on 15kV switchgear ratings. North America and some Asian grids run at 15kV class instead of 12kV. Our metal clad and ring main unit designs rate to 12kV as standard, but we manufacture to 15kV and 24kV voltage classes on request. Same KYN28 metal clad platform, higher clearance distances, different test certificates. Just specify the voltage during inquiry. The busbar ratings and short-circuit withstand do not change — 630A to 3150A and 25kA to 40kA cover 15kV requirements easily.
Four types. One manufacturer. Metal clad for main substations where withdrawable access and full segregation matter. Gas insulated RMU for compact outdoor ring networks. Metal enclosed for smaller indoor substations on a tighter budget. Air insulated RMU for markets that regulate SF6. All four meet IEC and IEEE standards relevant to the equipment class. All four ship from a single 20,000 square meter factory with CE certification and 50-plus country export experience. Send us your single-line diagram. We will recommend the type that fits and get you a technical proposal within 48 hours.
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